Machine for manufacturing celluloid combs.



PATENTED JUNE 18, 190?.

' P.DURANDO..

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING UBLLULOID oomBs,

PPL TION FILED A 1906 10 sums-51mm 1.

Fig. 1

WITNESSES THE Hollis PETERS 6a.. WMHINGI'ON, 1:. c.

PATENTED JUNE 18, 1907.

No. 857,387.. f P DURANDO.

men-1m; FOR MANUFACTURING GELLULOID GOMBS.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

AZPLIGATION FILED FEB. 2, 1906.

Fin .1.

/ rim/r Arum/ms THE "anus PETERS co, wAsx-Imnronl. n. c.

PATENTED JUNE 18, 1907.

URING .UELLULOID COMES.

LED 10 stains-SHEET s.

11 .112! .IYL

DURANDO.

ACT

0N PI PLIOATI MACHINE FOR MANU he. E mwm m r PATENTED JUNE 18, 1907. NDO.

' P.DURA V MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING GBLLULOID cams.

PPLIGATI n n IL, I H/ 1 v x No. 857,387. PATENTED JUNE 18, 1907- P. DURANDO.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING GELLULOID GOMBS.

LGATIONI' n B. 1 f I m: H 906 IOSHEETS-SBEBT-fi.

Fig. 4

. Aim/Mm .PATENTED JUNE-'18, 1907.

- P. DURANDO. MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING GELLULOID GOMBS.

10 SHEETS SHEET B.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 2, 1906.

INVfl/MA PATENTED JUNE 18, 1907.

N P. DURANDO. MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING GELLULOID GOMBS.

A-PPLIGATION IILEI D EBB. 2, 1906,

10 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

" Aw/vm" nu: upmiis PETER; co, wasmmwmv, n. c.

PATENTED JUNE 18, 1907.

P. DURANDO. ANUPAGTURING GELLULOID GOMBS. LIOATION FILED P512, 1906. mnsnmksnm 8.

MACHINE FOR M mam/m llmmlfiarana Jim/m;

No. 857,387. PATENTED JUNE 18, 1907.

P. DURANDO.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING GELLULOID COMES.

PPL 'nonrz. rs. 1 s. A I ED B 90 manna-41mm 9.

THE NORRIS'PETERS 60., wAsHmGn-m n c No. 857,387. PATENTBD JUNE 18, 190'7..

- -1 DURANDO.

MACHINE FOR MANUPAGTURING GELLULOID commas.

APYLIOATION FILED FEB. 2, 1906.

T1g.19 V Aim/944%) Tn: 1mm": blflslu cm, WASHINGTON, n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PASCAL DURANDO, OF LYON, FRANCE.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING CELLULOID COIVIBS- Patented June 18, 1907.

' I Applicatimifiled February 2. 1906. Serial No. 299.134.

1'0 all w/tom it m/cty'conccr-n:

Be it known that I, PASCAL DUnANDo, a c1t1zen of the Republic of France, residing 1n Lyon, 111 said Republic, have invented certain new and useful Improvements. in Ma chines for Making Combs, of which the following is a specification.

This inventlon relates to machmes for making combs of celluloid and similar material.

The invention has among its objects to provide a machine in which there is no waste of thematerial used and in which the comb is given its final formin oneoperation.

' A further objectof the invention is to furnish a machine which effects the cutting out, finishing and ornamentation of two combs from one plate or sheet of stock in one operation, the teeth of one comb being stamped out to form the interdental spaces of the other comb. The invention further contemplates the provision of a construction by which the ornamentation of the combs may be very readily varied by interchanging some of the parts of the machine.

It is also an object of the invention to gen- 'erally improve and increase the efficiency 7 and capacity of machines for the purpose mentioned.

In the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference characters denote the same parts throughout the different views,

Figure 1 is a bottoln plan view of the upper die of amachine constructed in accordance with the invention, Fig. 2- is a-longitudinal vertical section taken on line AA, Fig. 1,

h Fig. 3 is a similar section of the bottom die taken on line B-B, Fig. 4,'Fig. 4 is a'plan viewof the lower die, Fig. 5 is adetail view showing one of the teeth-forming plates in section, Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view showing the arrangement of the cutting edges of the teeth-forming plates, Fig. 7 is a vertical section showing the two teethform ing plates arranged in superposed relation prior to acting on the'sheet of stockplaced between the same, Figs. 8 and 9 are plan views of combs as heretofore cut out from a single sheet of stock, Fig. 10 is a plan view of a comb formed by the improved machine, Fig. 11 shows a sheet of stock after it has been cut and pressed by the improved machine prior to the separation of the two combs formed, Fig. 12 is a transverse section through the upper and lower dies showing the same in position to cut and form the comb from thesheet of stock inserted therebetween, Fig. 13 is a plan view of one of the central teeth-forming plates, a portion of said plate being omitted, Fig. 14 is a section on line XY, Fig. 13, Fig. 15 is a plan view-of one of the plates which carry thepattern in intaglio and relief which is stamped on the sheet of celluloid or other material, Fig. 16 is a section on line X-Y, Fig. 15, Fig. 17 is a plan view of another plate forming a part of each-die, Fig. 18 is a detail view of' the mechanism foractuating the ejecting block, Fig. 19 is a detail section through said mechanism, and Fig. 20 shows in detail the arrangement of the cutting edges of the teeth-forming plates and the shape of the comb-teeth formed thereby.

The machine consists essentially of two dies or matrices which may, in practice, be secured to suitable parts and forced together after the celluloid sheet has been inserted between the same by any suitable power, said dies being provided with instrumentalities for cutting out and forming two combs from one sheet of celluloid at one operation. The dies are also provided with means for stamping any desired ornamental design upon the backs' ofthe combs, and with means for removing the finished combs from said dies after the pressing or stamping operation has taken place.

Fig. 1 illustrates the upper die, which may be applied to'the movable member of a press operated by suitable power, and in Fig. 2 is shown the lower die, which may be secured to a table or other fixed part, and toward which the upper die is movable. Or the upper and lower dies may be mutually movable toward and away from each other. Both of the dies are constituted by the same parts, and hence a detailed description of one die will sufiice.

As shown in Fig. 1, the upper die comprises a plate e'which is secured to its supporting part by means of bolts (not shown) passing "through bolt-holes f in said plate. It is to this plate that the various stamping parts of the die are secured, as will now bedescribed.

Extending longitudinally of the plate 6 and'secured thereto by means of bolts 9 g is a central teeth-forming plate A the outline of which is denoted by the numbers 1, 2, 3,.1, 5, 6,7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13. This plate, as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 9, is provided inter- .mediately, and preferably at or near the cen ter of the die, with a curved teeth-forming portion which is formed by a plurality of al ternating grooves and cuttlng edges 0, as best shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 6 illustrates the form of a pair of cutting edges, showing that the same are so curved as to form between them a portion which constitutes a half-mold for a comb-tooth. These portions alternate with the grooves 0 which are also curved and so shaped as to form half-molds for the comb-teetl The teeth-forming 4 plates A of the upper and lower dies are superposed in the manner shown in Fig. 7, so that the cut ting edges of one plate are vertically alined with and adapted to enter the grooves of the other plate, while the cutting edges of the latter plate enter the grooves of the firstnamed plate. Thus when a sheet of celluloid stock is placed between the upper and lower teeth-forming plates and the dies brought to gether by pressure there will be two series of comb-teeth formed, one series being compressed and formed in the grooves of one plate and the other series compressed and formed in the grooves of the other plate, this formation and compression being effected by the cooperating mold-portions formed by each pair of cutting edges and the corresponding groove of the other plate.

The grooves and cutting edges of the teeth forming plates are so constructed that the teeth of the combs formed thereby taper from their butt to their outer ends in the usual manner, the width and form of the grooves and the spaces between the cutting edges varying laterally of each teeth-forming plate for this purpose. At the end of each pair of cooperating cutting edges there is arranged a sharp transverse edge 7c which serves to sever the teeth from the sheet of stock at their pointed ends and to properly form said ends. These transverse cutting edges or projections 7c are arranged on a curved line mn, as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 13, so that the toothed edge of each comb will be curved, as shown in Fig. 10, thus giving to the comb the desired form. Heretofore combs have been sawed out of a sheet of celluloid in the manner shown in Fig. 8, the teeth of one comb being cut out to form the interdental spaces of the other comb, but bythis process the curving of the toothed edge of the comb in the manner just described was not possible. By this process only a straight comb, such as shown in Fig. 9, could be formed.

One edge of the central part of the teeth forming plate has a gradual curve 3, 4, while the opposite edge 9, 10, at which are arranged the ends 1 of the teeth-forming grooves, is sinuous, as best shown in Fig. 13. Against the curved edge of the plate A is placed a curved edge 17, 18 of a plate D which carries a pattern to be stamped out on the backof the comb, and also is provided with cutting edges and grooveswhich, when said plates are placed together in the manner shown, form the two plates may register accurately and thus form perfectly regular and continuous teeth. The plate D is bolted to the main plate e of the die by means of bolts 10, g, 1. The pattern in intaglio and relief is formed on said plate near its inner edge and its outline indicated by 8 s s and t 15 This pattern or design may obviously be varied as desired in order to stamp out combs having different ornamentations, it being merely necessary to replace the part D by a similar part having a different pattern. When the upper and lower dies are brought together on the sheet of stock it is obvious that a flat comb, having the outline s s s s 8 n, m, will be stamped out by means'of the two plates A D, and that the back of the comb will be ornamentally stamped by the latter art. e p Along the sinuous edge 9, 10 of the central teeth-forming plate A there fits a block A having a smooth outer surface and sinuous side-edges, one of which conforms closely to said sinuous edge of said teeth-forming plate. The outline of this plate is denoted by the numerals 9, 10, 20, 21, and the section is shown in Fig. 2 and indicated by the numbers 22, 23, 24:, 25. The block A is held against shifting in lateral direction, away from the central teeth-formingplate, by means of a further plate E fitting against the block A in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 4, said plate E having the outline 8, 9, 21, 20, 10, 11, 26, 27, as best shown in Fig. 17. The edge 20, 21 of said plate fits against the outer sinuous edge of the block A. Said plate is bolted to the main plate 6 of the die by means of bolts P1) The block A constitutes a device for removing the comb from the die after the forming operationhas been completed. Said operation takes place while the sheet of stock is subjected to heat, and consequently the finished comb will adhere more or less strongly to the parts of the die. It is to overcome this adhesion and to permit the comb to bereadily removed from the die that an ejecting device is provided. The block A is movable in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the oie.

plate, in order to pro-'.

As will be seen from Figs. 2, 3 and 12, said block is arranged in the space between the parts A and E, said space communlcating with a recess or cavity in the main plate 6 in which an actuating device B, C for said ejecting block is located. Said actuating device consists of a channeled block B adapted to direction of thearro'w M, shown in Fig. 12,

- said teeth being above the other in the A of' the'two dies disposed in opposite directions.

.die, as indicated at I sszssr .and provided at itsends with inclined portions P P, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 18 and 19. Said block is provided with a longitudinallyextending groove or channel B in which is slidable the shank C of ablock C provided at its ends withlaterallyenlarged inclined portions designed to ride on the inclinedportions P, P of the block B. The block C is=provided at one end with a threaded socket-into which is inserted a rod or,spindle.E A helical spring G surrounding the rod or spindle E normally holds the blocks A, B, Gin the position showninFig. 12. -When it is desired to actuate the ejectingblock Alin -the the rod E is pushed inwardly inopposition to the spring G WhBIGIlPOiLthG- block C slides along the blockB causing theinclined portions of said blocks B and C to ride each other-and. thus separatesaid blocks, so: that the block B. is pushed against. the ejecting :block A and causes it to protrude beyondthe plates A and E. This movementtofzthe ejecting block causes the finished comb to'be detached from the die. Upon the releaseof the rod E the ejectinglblock is returned' by the spring Gr v to its normal position.

In practice, the rods E may-be operated through suitable connections with the press, and the. operation of said rodsin order to produce theejection of the finished comb at the proper moment is preferably automatic.

In operation the dies :are arranged one manner shown in Fig. 12. In this position the relation of the parts of the two dies is reversed, so that the pattern-forming plate D ofv the upper die is directly above theplate E and ejecting .block A ofthe lower die. vE'The teeth-forming plates are substantially superposed but the cutting. edgesand groovesare The pattern-carrying plate .-D of the lower die is directly beneath the plate E and the ejecting block A of the upper die. The pattern-carrying portionof each of the plates D is in exact vertical alinement With the smoothejecting blockof the oppositedie.

The sheet of stock is placed upon the lower R :in Fig. 12. Thetwo diesare then forcibly brought together, or the upper die is forcibly brought down .on I the lower die, as the case may be, so that. the

she'etof stock, which has been preliminarily heated, is compressed between said-dies. This compression causesrsaid sheet to be formed, into two flat combs, the teeth of one being arranged in the interdental spaces of the-other, as shown in Fig. 11. I The cooper: ating action'of the teeth-forming plates A causes the teeth of the two combs to be formed practically throughout formed by the cutting edges and grooves, as

their length, cooperating explained in :erated by pushing in the rods E connection with 7. The plates D stamp the sheet of stockupon. opposite faces thereof at the parts F, G, and thereby cause thepatterns to be stamped on the backs of'the combs and complete the teeth at their butt ends, asbefore described. The face of each comb .opposite to-the ornamental portion thus stamped out contacts with the smooth ejecting block of the opposite die and therefore has a smooth surface imparted to the same. Theprojections 1! cause the ends of the teeth to be cut on a curved line, as heretofore eX- plained.

After the dies have been brought together with the force requisite to properly stamp out the two combs, said dies are moved apart. The ejecting blocks A are then suitably opas previously explained, and this causes the two combs formed'to be forced out of engage- !ment with the teeth-forming and pattern- .carryingplatesto which they are apt to adhere. removed from the .each other.

The combs may be then very readily press and separated from The operation of the pressin forming the combs is very rapid. The teeth of the combs are given their'definite and final form and thebacksof the combs are ornamented by the one simple operation of forcing to gether the dies on the sheet of stock. There is practically no waste of material as the material which is stamped out of one comb to orm its interdental spaces forms the teeth of the other comb. The sheet of stock acted upon does not'have'tobe appreciably greater in area thantwo finished combs having their between each other, as shown in Fig. 1 1. The outeredge of the pattern-carrying part of the plateD and the inner edge of the plate E are made very sharp inorder to sever thesheet of stock, and the part of stock overlapplng these edges is the only part which is not utilized in forming the combs.

It is evident that the sheets of stock may be so out that when properly placed between the dies the amount of stock thus splitoff and wasted will'be infinitesimal.

After the combs are removed from the press in flat condition, they may be given the desired curve by a subsequent operation.

It is evident that the ornamental design of the combs may be very readily varied, as desired, by merely changing the pattern-carrying plates D, which may be removed from and replaced on the main plate by means of their fastening bolts. The two combs formed atthe same operation may thus be ofthe same pattern or of different patterns.

Having thus described my invention, I

claim as new and-desire to secure by Letters Patent:

' 1. A machine for making combs comprising means to stamp out in one operation a comb having an ornamented back.

loo

2. A machine for making combs comprismg means to stamp out in one operation a comb having finally formed teeth and an ornamental back.

3. In a machine for maldng combs, means for stamping out in one operation two combs having finally formed teeth and ornamental backs, the teeth of one comb being stamped out of the stock to form the interdental spaces of the other comb.

4.. In a machine for making combs, the combination of two opposing dies which stamp out in one operation and from one sheet of stock two combs having ornamental backs.

5. In a machine for making combs, the combination of two opposing dies which stamp out in one operation and from one sheet of stock two combs having ornamental backs and finally formed teeth.

6. In a machine for making combs, a die having a teeth-forming plate and a patternforming plate.

7. In a machine for making combs, a die having a teeth-forming portion,- and interchangeable means for stamping out on the back of the comb an ornamental design.

8. In a machine formaking combs, a die having teeth-forming means thereon, and an interchangeable pattern-forming plate.

9. In a machine for making combs, a die having teeth-forming means, and a plate removably attached to said die and carrying a pattern to be stamped out on the back of a comb.

10. In a machine for making combs, a die, a teeth-forming plate applied to said die, and a pattern-forming plate applied to said die.

11. In a machine for making combs, a die, a teeth-forming plate carried thereby, a pattern-forming plate at one side of said teethforming plate, and an ejectingdevice at the other side of said teeth-forming plate.

12. In. a machine for making combs, a teeth-forming plate to form the teeth throughout the greater part of their length, and a second plate to form the teeth at their butt ends.

18. In a machine for making combs, a

teeth-iorming plate to form the teeth throughout the greater part of their length, and a plate carrying a design in intaglio and relief to be stamped out on the back of the comb and means to form the teeth throughout the remainder of their length.

.l v 14. In a machine for making combs, a d1e comprismg a main plate, a teeth-forming plate carried by said main plate, and a pattern-forming plate attached to saidmain plate and fitting against said teeth-forming late. p 15. In a machine for making combs, a die comprising a main plate, a central teethforming plate applied thereto, a pattern-.

forming plate attached to said main plate and abutting against said teeth-forming plate, and an ejecting block slidable at right angles to the plane of the die at one-edge of said teeth-forming plate. I

16. In a machine for making combs, a die comprising a central teeth-forming plate A a pattern-forming plate D, an ejecting block A, and a plate E to restrict the lateral movement of said ejecting block;

17. In a machine for making combs, opposing dies having teeth-forming plates thereon and pattern-forming plates, the patternforming plates of the two dies bearing an opposite relation to the teeth-forming plates.

18. In a machine for making combs, opposing dies having cooperating teeth-forming plates affixed thereto, said plates having grooves and cutting edges which taper oppositely.

19. In a-machine for making combs, opposing dies, teeth-forming plates carried thereby, and pattern-forming plates also carried thereby, the pattern-forming plates of said dies being arranged at opposite sides of the teeth-forming plates.

20. In a machine for making combs, the combination of two opposing dies, each carrying a teeth-forming plate, a pattern-forming plate and an ejecting device, the teethforming plates being superposed but oppositely disposed, and the ejecting device of one die and the. pattern-forming plate of the other die being arranged in superposed rela- -tion.

21. In a machine for making combs, opposing dies which stamp out in one operation two flat combs having finally formed teeth and ornamented backs, and means for ejecting the combs from the dies.

22. In a machine for making combs, two opposing dies which stamp out in one operation and from one sheet of celluloid two combs having finally formed teeth and having their backs stamped in intaglio and relief on opposite surfaces.

23. In a machine for making combs, cooperating dies, teeth-forming plates carried by said dies and provided with grooves and cut ting edges which stamp out two. combs from one sheet of celluloid, the teeth of one comb being stamped out to form the interdental spaces of the other comb, and plates carried by said dies to stamp on the backs of the combs ornamental designs in intaglio and relief.

24. In a machine for making combs, two cooperating dies, each carrying a teeth-forming plate, a plate for stamping the back of the comb, and an ejecting block, said devices of the dies being arranged in reverse relation.

25. In a machine for making combs, the combination of two dies, a central teeth-forming plate carried by each die and provided with tapered grooves and cutting edges, the

ITO

grooves and cutting edges of one plate taper-' In testimony whereof have signed this ing oppositely from the other plate, patternspecification in the presence of two subscrib- [O carrying plates arranged at opposite edges of mg Witnesses.

said teeth-formiru plates, and an ejecting block movable at Fight angles to the plane of PASCAL DURANDO each die and arranged at theedge of the teethl Witnesses:

forming plate which is opposite to the pat- .MARIN VAOHON,

tern-forming plate. I PIERRE REUTTON. 

